Aircraft Aerodynamics Structures and Systems Module 13

13.1 Theory of Flight
(a) Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls
Operation and effect of:
— roll control: ailerons and spoilers;
— pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards;
— yaw control, rudder limiters;
Control using elevons, ruddervators;
High lift devices: slots, slats, flaps;
Drag inducing devices: spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;
Operation and effect of trim tabs, servo tabs, control surface bias.
(b) High Speed Flight
Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight, Mach number, critical Mach number.
(c) Rotary Wing Aerodynamics
Terminology;
Operation and effect of cyclic, collective and anti-torque controls.
13.2 Structures — General Concepts
(a)
Fundamentals of structural systems.
(b)
Zonal and station identification systems;
Electrical bonding;
Lightning strike protection provision.
13.3 Autoflight (ATA 22)
Fundamentals of automatic flight control including working principles and current terminology;
Command signal processing;
Modes of operation: roll, pitch and yaw channels;
Yaw dampers;
Stability Augmentation System in helicopters;
Automatic trim control;
Autopilot navigation aids interface;
Autothrottle systems.
Automatic Landing Systems: principles and categories, modes of operation, approach, glideslope, land, go-around, system monitors and failure conditions.
13.4 Communication/Navigation (ATA 23/34)
Fundamentals of radio wave propagation, antennas, transmission lines, communication, receiver and transmitter;
Working principles of following systems:
— Very High Frequency (VHF) communication;
— High Frequency (HF) communication;
— Audio;
— Emergency Locator Transmitters;
— Cockpit Voice Recorder;
— Very High Frequency omnidirectional range (VOR);
— Automatic Direction Finding (ADF);
— Instrument Landing System (ILS);
— Microwave Landing System (MLS);
— Flight Director systems; Distance Measuring Equipment (DME);
— Very Low Frequency and hyperbolic navigation (VLF/Omega);
— Doppler navigation;
— Area navigation, RNAV systems;
— Flight Management Systems;
— Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS);
— Inertial Navigation System;
— Air Traffic Control transponder, secondary surveillance radar;
— Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS);
— Weather avoidance radar;
— Radio altimeter;
— ARINC communication and reporting;
13.5 Electrical Power (ATA 24)
Batteries Installation and Operation;
DC power generation;
AC power generation;
Emergency power generation;
Voltage regulation;
Power distribution;
Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;
Circuit protection;
External/Ground power.
13.6 Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)
Electronic emergency equipment requirements;
Cabin entertainment equipment.
13.7 Flight Controls (ATA 27)
(a)
Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler;
Trim control;
Active load control;
High lift devices;
Lift dump, speed brakes;
System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic;
Artificial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust locks.
Stall protection systems.
(b)
System operation: electrical, fly by wire.
13.8 Instrument Systems (ATA 31)
Classification;
Atmosphere;
Terminology;
Pressure measuring devices and systems;
Pitot static systems;
Altimeters;
Vertical speed indicators;
Airspeed indicators;
Machmeters;
Altitude reporting/alerting systems;
Air data computers;
Instrument pneumatic systems;
Direct reading pressure and temperature gauges;
Temperature indicating systems;
Fuel quantity indicating systems;
Gyroscopic principles;
Artificial horizons;
Slip indicators;
Directional gyros;
Ground Proximity Warning Systems;
Compass systems;
Flight Data Recording systems;
Electronic Flight Instrument Systems;
Instrument warning systems including master warning systems and centralised warning panels;
Stall warning systems and angle of attack indicating systems;
Vibration measurement and indication.
13.9 Lights (ATA 33)
External: navigation, landing, taxiing, ice;
Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;
Emergency.
13.10 On board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45)
Central maintenance computers;
Data loading system;
Electronic library system;
Printing;
Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).
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